General description

This protein is a member of the paired box (PAX) family of transcription factors. Members of this gene family typically encode proteins which contain a paired box domain, an octapeptide, and a paired-type homeodomain. This nuclear protein is involved in thyroid follicular cell development and expression of thyroid-specific genes. Mutations in this gene have been associated with thyroid dysgenesis, thyroid follicular carcinomas and atypical thyroid adenomas. PAX-8 is expressed in the thyroid (and associated carcinomas), non-ciliated mucosal cells of the fallopian tubes and simple ovarian inclusion cysts, but not normal ovarian surface epithelial cells. PAX-8 is expressed in a high percentage of ovarian serous, endometrioid, and clear cell carcinomas, but only rarely in primary ovarian mucinous adenocarcinomas. Studies have also found PAX-8 experession in renal tubules as well as renal carcinoma, nephroblastoma and seminoma. Most recently a study by Tong et al. showed that 98% of clear cell RCCs, 90% of papillary RCCs, and 95% of oncocytomas were positive for PAX-8, frequencies which are similar or better than for PAX-2. Therefore, PAX-8 may be used as an additional immunohistochemical marker for renal epithelial tumors. Normal lung and lung carcinomas do not express PAX-8. Similarly, the absence of expression of PAX-8 in breast and other non-GYN carcinomas other than those primary to the thyroid indicates that PAX-8 is an important new marker of ovarian cancer and a useful marker for the differential diagnoses in lung and neck tumors, or tumors at distant sites where primary lung carcinoma or thyroid carcinoma are possibilities. PAX-8, combined with organ system-specific markers such as uroplakin, mammaglobin, and TTF-1 can be a very useful panel to determine the primary site of invasive micropapillary carcinomas of ovary, bladder, lung, or breast.

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Other Notes

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Physical form

Solution in Tris Buffer, pH 7.3-7.7, with 1% BSA and ﹤0.1% Sodium Azide

Preparation Note

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